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Karp, David R and Clear, Todd R (2001). The community justice frontier: An introduction In What is community justice? Case studies of restorative justice and community supervision, ed. David R. Karp and Todd R. Clear, pp. ix-xvi. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

The history of community supervision of offenders is relatively new: probation and parole are comparatively recent developments. Nevertheless, counting probationers, parolees, and ex-offenders without any supervision, there are now far more offenders living in communities every year than in prisons. Hence, while it is typical to think of corrections in terms of prison, it is critical that we extend our attention to the nature and purpose of corrections in the community. Against this background, Karp and Clear describe the dominant mode of supervision as some form of “casework.â€? Significant problems with the caseworker model, however, raise questions about its value. Karp and Clear summarize key themes or ideas in the emerging community justice model of supervision that are meant to address those problems and improve corrections in the community.